5 Incredible Reasons to Visit Magnificent Anuradhapura
Discovering the amazing ancient city of Anuradhapura, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Anuradhapura: Sri Lanka's First Ancient Capital
Welcome to Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka’s first ancient capital and a place of immense historical and spiritual significance. As one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site, Anuradhapura offers a truly unforgettable journey back in time. This city, nestled in the North Central Province, is not just a collection of ruins but a living testament to an advanced civilization and the heart of Sri Lankan Buddhism. From towering stupas to tranquil monastic complexes, exploring Anuradhapura is a profound experience that will captivate history buffs, spiritual seekers, and curious travelers alike.
A Glimpse into the Glorious History of Anuradhapura
The story of Anuradhapura is one of a great kingdom that flourished for over 1,300 years, from the 4th century BC to the 11th century AD. Founded by King Pandukabhaya, the city became a beacon of power and culture. However, its true golden age began in the 3rd century BC with the arrival of Buddhism. It was here that Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka of India, introduced Buddhism to the island. Following this, his sister, Sanghamitta, brought a sapling from the sacred Bodhi Tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment, planting it in Anuradhapura. This event cemented the city’s role as a major pilgrimage site and the spiritual heart of the nation.
Throughout its long history, Anuradhapura was the seat of 119 successive Sinhalese kings. It saw the construction of some of the most impressive architectural and engineering marvels of the ancient world, including colossal stupas, intricate irrigation systems, and vast monastic complexes. The city fell into decline after repeated invasions, and the capital was moved to Polonnaruwa, leaving this sacred city to be reclaimed by the jungle until it was rediscovered centuries later
Getting to Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura is easily accessible from all parts of Sri Lanka.
- By Train: The train from Colombo Fort offers a scenic and comfortable journey, taking around 4-6 hours. It’s an ideal way to see the lush landscapes of the country.
- By Bus: Direct buses run from major cities like Colombo and Kandy. They are the most budget-friendly option, though they can be crowded.
- By Private Car/Taxi: For ultimate comfort and flexibility, you can hire a private car. The drive from Colombo takes approximately 4 hours, and you have the freedom to stop along the way.
Top 15 Things to See in Anuradhapura
The sprawling ancient city of Anuradhapura is best explored over a full day or even two. Here are some of the most spectacular sites you must not miss.
01. Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
This sacred fig tree is believed to be the oldest historically documented tree in the world, having been planted in 288 BC. It is a sapling from the original Bodhi Tree and is a central point of worship for Buddhists globally. The site is a serene spectacle, filled with pilgrims and offerings.
02. Ruwanwelisaya Stupa
Known as the “Great Stupa,” this massive white stupa is one of the most revered monuments in Sri Lanka. Built by King Dutugemunu, its gleaming dome is a masterpiece of ancient architecture.
03. Jetavanaramaya Stupa
Once the third-tallest structure in the ancient world, this enormous brick stupa stands at a height of 122 meters. It is a powerful symbol of the scale and ambition of the Anuradhapurakingdom.
04. Abhayagiri Monastery
A sprawling monastic complex that was once home to over 5,000 monks, this site includes the impressive Abhayagiri Dagoba and various other ruins.
05. Isurumuniya Temple
This rock-carved temple is famous for its intricate stone carvings, most notably the “Isurumuniya Lovers” and the carvings of elephants. Its peaceful setting near the Tissa Wewa reservoir is truly captivating.
06. Kuttam Pokuna (Twin Ponds)
These beautiful twin bathing ponds showcase the remarkable hydraulic engineering of the ancient Sinhalese. The ponds are identical in design and fed by underground water pipes.
07. Samadhi Buddha Statue
Regarded as one of the finest Buddha statues in the country, this meditative sculpture dates back to the 4th century. Its serene expression is said to have inspired the Indian leader Jawaharlal Nehru.
08. Thuparamaya
This is the first stupa to be built in Sri Lanka after the introduction of Buddhism. It is believed to enshrine a collarbone relic of the Buddha.
09. Lovamahapaya (Brazen Palace)
Located between the Sri Maha Bodhi and Ruwanwelisaya, these are the remains of a magnificent nine-story palace that once housed Buddhist monks. The 1,600 stone columns are all that remain of this grand structure.
10. Mirisavetiya Stupa
Built by King Dutugemunu after his victory over King Elara, this stupa is believed to be where the king enshrined a relic of the Buddha’s sacred alms bowl.
11. Ranmasu Uyana (Royal Pleasure Gardens)
Located near Isurumuniya, this royal park contains beautiful rock carvings and bathing ponds, including the mysterious “Star Gate” or “Sakwala Chakraya.”
12. Mihintale
A sacred mountain about 12 km from the city, Mihintale is a key pilgrimage site and is considered the birthplace of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. It’s an essential add-on to your Anuradhapura itinerary.
13. Dakkinna Stupa
This stupa is believed to have been built over the cremation site of King Dutugemunu, one of the most celebrated kings in Sri Lankan history.
14. Moonstone (Sandakada Pahana)
Found at the entrance to many sites, these semi-circular stone slabs are a unique feature of ancient Sinhalese architecture. The one at the Abhayagiri Monastery is one of the most well-preserved.
15. Lankaramaya Stupa
Built by King Valagamba, this smaller stupa is known for its concentric circles of monoliths that once supported a roof structure.
Practical Tips for Visiting the Ancient City of Anuradhapura
To make the most of your trip, keep these tips in mind:
- Dress Code: Remember that these are sacred sites. You must cover your knees and shoulders. It is also customary to remove your shoes and hats before entering temples and stupas.
- Tickets: The main archaeological site requires an entrance ticket, which is valid for one day. You can also visit certain temples in the new city for a small donation.
- Transportation: The archaeological site is vast. Cycling is a popular option, but it can be hot. For a more comfortable experience, hire a tuk-tuk for the day, which often comes with a knowledgeable driver-guide.
Beyond the Ruins: Other Things to Do
While the ancient city is the main attraction, the modern city of Anuradhapura and its surroundings offer a few other highlights. You can take a trip to Wilpattu National Park for a thrilling wildlife safari or explore the beautiful reservoirs like Nuwarawewa, a testament to the ancient hydraulic ingenuity of the kingdom.
Accommodation and Food in Anuradhapura
The city offers a range of accommodation options, from budget guesthouses to more luxurious hotels, many with swimming pools to escape the midday heat. For food, be sure to try local Sri Lankan rice and curry. Mango Mango is a popular and highly-rated restaurant in town.
To continue your journey through Sri Lanka’s cultural heartland, check out our guide to the Polonnaruwa. You can also visit our page on the sacred mountain of Mihintale.
For more information on the history of this remarkable site, read the official description from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Ready to Explore the Wonders of Anuradhapura?
Let our experts guide you through the profound history and cultural significance of this incredible city.